What is distemper and how is it spread?

Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) is a highly contagious virus spread through direct contact between dogs or airborne exposure from infected wildlife. The disease does not affect humans.

Dogs typically become infected by inhaling respiratory droplets from an infected animal, especially when the animal is coughing or sneezing. The virus then spreads throughout the body using the host’s immune system.

There is no cure for CDV, and it has a high mortality rate in unvaccinated dogs, ferrets, and some wildlife species. Vaccination is the best prevention.

What are the symptoms of CDV?

Dogs

CDV often begins with respiratory symptoms such as:

• Nasal discharge
• Eye discharge
• Coughing or sneezing
• Fever

In some cases, it can progress to pneumonia.

The virus may then affect the digestive system and skin, causing:

• Loss of appetite
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Thickened nose or foot pads (“hard pad disease”)

In later stages, CDV affects the nervous system, leading to:

• Seizures (often called “chewing gum fits”)
• Tremors
• Weakness
• Loss of coordination

CDV is often fatal, though some dogs survive with permanent neurological effects.

Wildlife

Symptoms in wildlife may include:

• Respiratory illness
• Poor coat condition
• Weight loss
• Disorientation or unusual behavior
• Loss of fear of humans
• Aggression

Distemper in Raccoons 

How do I know if my dog has CDV?

If your dog shows any symptoms, consult a veterinarian immediately—especially for puppies or dogs with unknown vaccination history.

CDV is confirmed through a PCR (polymerase chain reaction) test.

How is CDV treated?

There is no cure for CDV. Treatment focuses on supportive care while the dog’s immune system fights the virus.

Always consult your veterinarian for appropriate care.

Is a CDV vaccine essential?

Yes. Vaccination is critical.

CDV is less common in vaccinated pets but still present in wildlife such as foxes, coyotes, raccoons, skunks, and river otters.

Vaccination schedule:

• Start at 6 weeks of age
• Repeat every 3 weeks until 16 weeks
• Then annually

Where can I vaccinate my dog?

You can contact local veterinarians or search online for clinics near you.

Low-cost options may include:

• Low Cost Pet Vax
• Texas Coalition for Animal Protection
• SPCA of Texas
• Spay Neuter Network

Residents can also follow Carrollton Animal Services on social media for clinic updates.

How can I protect my dog from infected wildlife?

• Vaccinate your pets regularly
• Feed pets indoors
• Remove outdoor food sources immediately after feeding
• Secure garbage (bag leftovers tightly and store bins in enclosed areas)
• Secure compost bins
• Do not feed wildlife

If an animal dies on your property, contact Animal Services for removal.

Leash your pet:
Leashing is required by city ordinance and helps you maintain distance from wildlife.

What should I do if I see concerning wildlife behavior?

Contact Carrollton Animal Services at 972-466-3420.
Officers are available daily from 8:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m.